1.1 The Networking Ecosystem (Elements of Modern Networking)
1.1 THE NETWORKING ECOSYSTEM
Figure 1.1 depicts the modern networking ecosystem in very general terms. The entire ecosystem exists to provide services to end users. The term end user, or simply user, is used here as a very general term, to encompass users working within an enterprise or in a public setting or at home. The user platform can be fixed (for example, PC or workstation), portable (for example, laptop), or mobile (for example, tablet or smartphone).
FIGURE 1.1 The Modern Networking Ecosystem
end user
The ultimate consumer of applications, data and services on a computing platform.
network provider
An organization that delivers communications services over a typically large geographic area. It provides, maintains, and manages network equipment and networks, either public or private. Users connect to network-based services and content through a wide variety of network access facilities. These include digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modems, Wi-Fi and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) wireless modems, and cellular modems. Such network access facilities enable the use to connect directly to the Internet or to a variety of network providers, including Wi-Fi networks, cellular networks, and both private and shared network facilities, such as a premises enterprise network. Ultimately, of course, users want to use network facilities to access applications and content. Figure 1.1 indicates three broad categories of interest to users. Application providers provide applications, or apps, that run on the user’s platform, which is typically a mobile platform. More recently, the concept of an app store has become available for fixed and portable platforms as well.
application provider
An entity generating/selling user applications to be executed on the user’s platform. A distinct category of provider is the application service provider. Whereas the application provider downloads software to the user’s platform, the application service provider acts as a server or host of application software that is executed on the provider’s platforms. Traditional examples of such software include web servers, e-mail servers, and database servers. The most prominent example now is the cloud computing provider. application service provider
An organization that hosts software applications within its own facilities. It provides network-accessible applications such as e-mail, web hosting, banking, and cloud-based services. The final element shown in Figure 1.1 is the content provider. A content provider serves the data to be consumed on the user device (for example, e-mail, music, video). This data may be commercially provided intellectual property. In some instances, an enterprise may be an application or content provider. Examples of content providers are music record labels and movie studios.
content provider
An organization or individual that creates information, including educational or entertainment content, distributed via the Internet or enterprise networks. A content provider may or may not provide the software used to access the material.
Figure 1.1 is intended to provide a very general depiction of the networking ecosystem. It is worth pointing out here two major elements of modern networking not explicitly depicted in this figure:
Data center networking: Both large enterprise data centers and cloud provider data centers consist of very large numbers of interconnected servers. Typically, as much as 80 percent of the data traffic is within the data center network, and only 20 percent relies on external networks to reach users.
IoT or fog networking: An Internet of Things deployed by an enterprise may consist of hundreds, thousands, even millions of devices. The vast bulk of the data traffic to and from these devices is machine to machine, rather than user to machine.
Each of these networking environments creates its own particular requirements, which are discussed as the book progresses.
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Figure 1.1 depicts the modern networking ecosystem in very general terms. The entire ecosystem exists to provide services to end users. The term end user, or simply user, is used here as a very general term, to encompass users working within an enterprise or in a public setting or at home. The user platform can be fixed (for example, PC or workstation), portable (for example, laptop), or mobile (for example, tablet or smartphone).
FIGURE 1.1 The Modern Networking Ecosystem
end user
The ultimate consumer of applications, data and services on a computing platform.
network provider
An organization that delivers communications services over a typically large geographic area. It provides, maintains, and manages network equipment and networks, either public or private. Users connect to network-based services and content through a wide variety of network access facilities. These include digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modems, Wi-Fi and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) wireless modems, and cellular modems. Such network access facilities enable the use to connect directly to the Internet or to a variety of network providers, including Wi-Fi networks, cellular networks, and both private and shared network facilities, such as a premises enterprise network. Ultimately, of course, users want to use network facilities to access applications and content. Figure 1.1 indicates three broad categories of interest to users. Application providers provide applications, or apps, that run on the user’s platform, which is typically a mobile platform. More recently, the concept of an app store has become available for fixed and portable platforms as well.
application provider
An entity generating/selling user applications to be executed on the user’s platform. A distinct category of provider is the application service provider. Whereas the application provider downloads software to the user’s platform, the application service provider acts as a server or host of application software that is executed on the provider’s platforms. Traditional examples of such software include web servers, e-mail servers, and database servers. The most prominent example now is the cloud computing provider. application service provider
An organization that hosts software applications within its own facilities. It provides network-accessible applications such as e-mail, web hosting, banking, and cloud-based services. The final element shown in Figure 1.1 is the content provider. A content provider serves the data to be consumed on the user device (for example, e-mail, music, video). This data may be commercially provided intellectual property. In some instances, an enterprise may be an application or content provider. Examples of content providers are music record labels and movie studios.
content provider
An organization or individual that creates information, including educational or entertainment content, distributed via the Internet or enterprise networks. A content provider may or may not provide the software used to access the material.
Figure 1.1 is intended to provide a very general depiction of the networking ecosystem. It is worth pointing out here two major elements of modern networking not explicitly depicted in this figure:
Data center networking: Both large enterprise data centers and cloud provider data centers consist of very large numbers of interconnected servers. Typically, as much as 80 percent of the data traffic is within the data center network, and only 20 percent relies on external networks to reach users.
IoT or fog networking: An Internet of Things deployed by an enterprise may consist of hundreds, thousands, even millions of devices. The vast bulk of the data traffic to and from these devices is machine to machine, rather than user to machine.
Each of these networking environments creates its own particular requirements, which are discussed as the book progresses.
Modern Computer Network Theory Playlist
Modern Computer Network Practical Playlist
#Subscribe the Channel Link :-
IF any Query or Doubt DM on #Instagram :-
#Bansode_Tech_Solution
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